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Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research
qualitative research
Mixed MEthods Research
quantitative research
Explores how and why things happen through detailed descriptions and personal perspectives. Uses conversations, observations, and group discussions to capture people's experiences and insights.
- Asks open-ended questions
- Provides rich, detailed understanding
- Works with fewer participants
- Identifies patterns in experiences
quantitative research
Mixed MEthods Research
quantitative research
Measures what, where, and when using numbers and statistics. Uses surveys, experiments, and precise measurements to test specific ideas and theories about relationships.
- Tests specific hypotheses
- Provides findings that apply to larger groups
- Involves many participants
- Uses mathematical analysis
Mixed MEthods Research
Mixed MEthods Research
Mixed MEthods Research
Combines both approaches for a more complete picture. Perfect when you need both the "big picture" trends and the deeper "why" behind them.
- Gives you the best of both worlds
- Overcomes limitations of using just one approach
- Requires knowledge of both methods
- Can be done in stages or simultaneously
Creating Effective Research Tools
Know What You Need
Choose the Right Question Formats
Choose the Right Question Formats
Start by figuring out exactly what information will answer your research questions. Create a clear map connecting each question to specific data points you'll need to collect.
Choose the Right Question Formats
Choose the Right Question Formats
Choose the Right Question Formats
Decide between open questions (where people answer in their own words) and closed questions (with set answer choices like multiple choice or rating scales). Pick formats that will give you the kind of data you can actually use.
Make Sure It Works
Choose the Right Question Formats
Test Before You Launch
Create questions that truly measure what you want to know and will give consistent results. Avoid misleading questions, asking two things at once, or using confusing language that might skew your results.
Test Before You Launch
Choose the Right Question Formats
Test Before You Launch
Try out your questions with a small group first to catch any problems with wording, question order, or how long it takes to complete. Make improvements based on their feedback before rolling it out fully.
Understanding Research Sampling & Triangulation
Probability Sampling
Methods that give all subjects an equal chance of selection, allowing researchers to make statistical inferences
- Simple random sampling - every member has equal selection chance
- Stratified sampling - population divided into subgroups first
- Cluster sampling - selecting entire groups rather than individuals
Non-Probability Sampling
Strategic selection methods based on research needs rather than randomness
- Convenience sampling - using readily available subjects
- Purposive sampling - selecting participants with specific characteristics
- Snowball sampling - participants help recruit additional subjects
Triangulation
Using multiple approaches to verify findings and build research credibility
- Methodological triangulation - using different research methods
- Data source triangulation - gathering data from various sources
- Investigator triangulation - involving multiple researchers
Sample Size Considerations
How to determine the right number of participants for valid results
- Statistical power analysis - for quantitative studies
- Saturation point - when new data no longer adds insights
- Practical constraints - time, budget, and access limitations
Research Methodology: Key Steps
Craft Clear Research Questions
Develop questions that are specific, measurable, and achievable. Check with your mentor to ensure they fit your project scope and academic requirements.
Build Your Theoretical Foundation
Strengthen your theoretical framework through targeted reading. Identify the key concepts that will guide your research approach and analysis.
Create Your Methodology Plan
Create Your Methodology Plan
Document your research design, participant selection, data gathering techniques, analysis methods, and ethical safeguards in a comprehensive methodology section.
Gather Expert Input
Gather Expert Input
Share your methodology with advisors, colleagues, and specialists. Use their insights to refine your approach before you begin collecting data.
iterative
Keep in mind that developing your methodology is an ongoing process. Your approach may evolve as you learn more about your research topic. Stay adaptable while maintaining scientific rigor and alignment with your core questions.
take your time
A well-crafted methodology serves as the foundation of credible research. Taking time to develop a thorough, justified approach demonstrates your expertise and ensures your findings will stand up to scrutiny.